第二十五章

翻译：觉醒

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聪明的童女和愚拙的童女：一个关于爱的比喻

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1. 那时，天国好比十个童女拿着灯，出去迎接新郎。

2. 其中有五个是愚拙的，五个是聪明的。

3. 愚拙的拿着灯，却不预备油；

4. 聪明的拿着灯，又预备油在器皿里。

5. 新郎迟延的时候，她们都打盹，睡着了。

6. 半夜有人喊着说，新郎来了，你们出来迎接他！

7. 那些童女就都起来收拾灯。

8. 愚拙的对聪明的说，请分点油给我们，因为我们的灯要灭了。

9. 聪明的回答说，恐怕不够你我用的，不如你们自己到卖油的那里去买吧。

10. 她们去买的时候，新郎到了，那预备好了的，同他进去坐席，门就关了。

11. 其余的童女随后也来了，说，主啊，主啊，给我们开门！

12. 他却回答说，我实在告诉你们，我不认识你们。

13. 所以，你们要警醒，因为那日子，那时辰，你们不知道。

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我们每个人都有一种倾向，认为神不是完全与我们同在。在这种时候，我们很难想象祂知道我们生活的每一个细节，并时刻引导着我们。在圣经中，这种倾向被描写为：“主人必来得迟。”（24:48）然而，事实上，主总是亲密地与我们同在，随时准备引导我们，进入我们愿意接受的一切真理。迟延的是我们，而不是主。因此，我们必须警醒，随时做好准备，按照圣经的教导生活，并心中充满爱。

本章延续了上一章的主题，即为主的降临做好准备。它以一个比喻开始，说的是十个童女拿着灯，出去迎接新郎。其中五个童女被认为是聪明的，因为她们为自己的灯预备了多余的油。但其他五个童女被认为是愚拙的，因为她们没有预备多余的油。她们没有为意外的延迟做好准备：“新郎迟延的时候，她们都打盹，睡着了。”（25:5）半夜有人喊着说：“新郎来了，你们出来迎接他！”（25:6）

在这个比喻中，新郎代表主。五个童女在灯里预备了充足的油，表示她们心里对神有充分的爱。“油”因着它的金色光泽，柔软光滑的触感，以及它的许多用途，如提供光明、产生热量、减少摩擦和愈合伤口，是爱的美丽象征。如果我们心中有“油”，当真理进来时，我们就准备好了领悟它——迎接新郎。

但如果我们是愚拙的，我们心中就没有足够的爱。我们就像灯里不预备油的那五个童女。她们确实提着灯，但她们的灯里没有油。任何一盏灯，无论制作多么精良，装饰多么漂亮，若不装满油，都不能产生光明。同样，任何教义，无论表述得多么准确或复杂，若不包含爱（油），都不能帮助我们过更喜乐、更光明的生活。

如果我们认为我们可以没有爱，只要领悟真理，那我们就大错特错了。前一节的警告——你们要预备，因为人子降临的那日子、那时辰，没有人知道——在这里也适用。若没有爱，真理不足以支撑我们。因此，我们不断受到呼召，要进入真理与良善、智慧与爱的天国婚姻。在这个比喻中，我们的灯里总是要预备油，即是代表这一点。我们需要两者兼备，来成就婚姻。

随着比喻的进行，这个基本真理的重要性得到了证明。半夜，新郎来了，五个愚拙的童女意识到她们没有足够的油。她们向聪明的童女求助，说：“请分点油给我们，因为我们的灯要灭了。”（25:8）让我们惊讶的是，五个聪明的童女竟然拒绝了，她们说：“恐怕不够你我用的。”（25:9）她们反倒劝那五个愚拙的童女自己去买油：“不如你们自己到卖油的那里去买吧。”（25:9）

聪明的童女如此回答，这令我们感到惊讶，因为我们原期望她们会表现出怜悯和慷慨，愿意与他人分享，而不是想着自己。毕竟，耶稣本可以说，聪明的童女心里充满了爱，把所有的油都分给了愚拙的童女，然后，奇迹般地，她们自己的灯也装满了新油。但耶稣的比喻不是这样的。

为什么呢？因为耶稣正在教导爱的本质，这是一个重要的功课。我们不能从别人那里得着爱，也不能在生命最后一刻得着爱。爱是在我们一生去恶行善的过程中逐渐建立起来的。如果我们认为我们可以在生命最后一刻匆忙买到它，我们就大错特错了。“她们去买的时候，新郎到了，那预备好了的，同他进去坐席，门就关了。”（25:10）

这并不是说神对我们关上了门。相反，我们对神关上了门，因为我们不愿在生命的每一步都按照祂的旨意生活，从而使心里充满爱。最后一刻的悔改不能拯救我们。“其余的童女随后也来了，说，主啊，主啊，给我们开门！他却回答说，我实在告诉你们，我不认识你们。”（25:11-12） ¹

当耶稣结束比喻时，祂又回到了前面几个情节中一直在阐述的主题——你们要警醒，因为人子降临的那日子、那时辰，你们不知道（24:39）；你们要预备，因为主人什么时候来，你们不知道（24:50）。祂在这里又说：“所以，你们要警醒，因为那日子，那时辰，你们不知道。”（25:13）

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银子的比喻：一个关于真理的比喻

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14. 天国又好比一个人要往外国去，就叫了仆人来，把他的家业交给他们，

15. 按着各人的才干给他们银子，一个给了五他连得，一个给了两他连得，一个给了一他连得，就往外国去了。

16. 那领五他连得的随即拿去做买卖，另外赚了五他连得。

17. 那领两他连得的也照样另赚了两他连得。

18. 但那领一他连得的去掘开地，把主人的银子埋藏了。

19. 过了许久，那些仆人的主人来了，和他们算账。

20. 那领五他连得银子的又带着那另外的五他连得来，说，主啊，你交给我五他连得银子，请看，我又赚了五他连得。

21. 主人说，好，你这又良善又忠心的仆人，你在不多的事上有忠心，我要把许多事派你管理，可以进来享受你主人的快乐。

22. 那领两他连得的也来，说，主啊，你交给我两他连得银子，请看，我又赚了两千。

23. 主人说，好，你这又良善又忠心的仆人，你在不多的事上有忠心，我要把许多事派你管理，可以进来享受你主人的快乐。

24. 那领一他连得的也来，说，主啊，我知道你是忍心的人，没有种的地方要收割，没有散的地方要聚敛，

25. 我就害怕，去把你的一他连得银子埋藏在地里。请看，你的原银子在这里。

26. 主人回答说，你这又恶又懒的仆人，你既知道我没有种的地方要收割，没有散的地方要聚敛，

27. 就当把我的银子放给兑换银钱的人，到我来的时候，可以连本带利收回。

28. 夺过他这一他连得来，给那有十他连得的。

29. 因为凡有的，还要加给他，叫他有余；没有的，连他所有的也要夺过来。

30. 把这无用的仆人丢在外面黑暗里，在那里必要哀哭切齿了。

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在结束了十个童女的比喻后，耶稣立即讲了第二个比喻。这次讲的是一个人到外国去旅行，便召集他的仆人，把银子分给他们。临走前，他“按着各人的才干”（25:15），给一个仆人五他连得银子，一个两他连得银子，一个一他连得银子。在给仆人银子以后，主人就旅行去了。

主人离开以后，仆人各自拿着所得的银子去行。第一个仆人得了五他连得银子，他拿着所得的银子，另外又赚了五他连得。第二个仆人得了两他连得银子，他拿着所得的银子，另外又赚了两他连得。但第三个仆人的做法不同。如经上所记：“但那领一他连得的去掘开地，把主人的银子埋藏了。”（25:18）

当主人回来，察看他们所行的，便祝贺第一个和第二个仆人，因为他们将所得的银子翻了一倍。然而，当主人看到第三个仆人拿着他所得的一他连得银子所行的，便不喜悦。第三个仆人试图为他的行为辩解，说：“我因为害怕，就去把你的一他连得银子埋藏在地里。”（25:25）在我们看来，主人的反应似乎过于严厉，因为他说：“你这又恶又懒的仆人，你至少可以把我的银子放给兑换银钱的人。”（25:27）又说：“夺过他这一他连得来......把这无用的仆人丢在外面黑暗里，在那里必要哀哭切齿了。”（25:26-30）

传统上，银子的比喻被用来说明善用主赐给我们的天赋是何等重要。无论我们有多少天赋，都不是为了我们自己的缘故。它们应该被用来祝福别人。如果我们只是把它们埋藏起来，或者只是为了自私的目的而使用它们，我们就滥用了神赐给我们的礼物。虽然这是很实用的建议，但其中还有更内在的教训。它涉及“银子”一词的属灵含义。因为一他连得是相当重量的银子，所以表示我们从主的圣经中所领受的许多真理。 ²

每当我们按照我们所接受的真理生活时，我们对该真理的理解就会加深。这被描写为银子的加倍。但人的本性中有一种倾向，就是只积累知识，却不学以致用，去做有意义的事情，或者仅仅把它用于自私的、世俗的目的。这被描写为仆人把银子埋在地里。不将知识付诸实践的后果似乎很严重，因为没有赚得银子的仆人唯一的一他连得银子也被夺了去，“被扔在外边黑暗里，在那里哀哭切齿”。

圣经的强烈语言被用来描绘一幅引人注目的画面，即如果我们只是把真理储存在记忆里，而不把它应用于生活中，我们就会将自己投入地狱。如果我们不应用神赐给我们的真理，我们就会失去它。那些只存在于我们的头脑中（埋在地里），没有被投入使用的知识不会存留，在来世也不会成为我们的一部分。

因此，尽管在字面叙述中，惩罚似乎与罪行不相称，但这个比喻为容纳更多内在的真理提供了一个美妙的容器。它不仅警告我们只储存真理而不使用它或自私地使用它的危险，还包含了一个极大的应许，即我们越是将我们从主的圣经中所学到的知识应用于生活，用它来祝福别人，我们就会得到越多。我们不仅会对真理有更深的领悟，也会更充分地体验主的喜乐。正如耶稣对那些善用银子的人所说：“好，你这又良善又忠心的仆人，你在不多的事上有忠心，我要把许多事派你管理，可以进来享受你主人的快乐。”（25:21）

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绵羊和山羊：一个关于服务的比喻

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下面是马太福音的最后一个比喻。

在十个童女的比喻中，耶稣教导我们心中有爱（灯里有油）的重要性；在银子的比喻中，耶稣教导我们真理（银子）在投入使用时可以成倍地增加。

现在我们来看该系列的第三个比喻——关于服务的比喻。爱、智慧和有用的服务是属灵生活的三个基本方面。没有真理的爱缺乏方向，可能导致感情用事。没有爱的真理缺乏怜悯，可能导致死板和固执。但是，当爱和智慧一起致力于服务时，人就成了活人。如果不致力于服务，爱和智慧就只是头脑中虚无飘渺的概念。 ³

因此，本系列的最后一个比喻涉及有用的服务，这是合宜的。但在讨论这个比喻之前，我们需要简单回顾一下前面的内容。在上上章，耶稣对宗教领袖进行了严厉的批评，责备他们虚伪、诡诈，称他们是“蛇”和“毒蛇的种类”。然后祂预言了圣殿的毁灭和随之而来的灾祸，包括战争、饥荒、瘟疫、地震和荒凉的可憎之事。但祂也应许说，人子将带着能力和大荣耀，驾着天上的云降临。现在，当祂开始说下一个比喻时，祂再次提到人子降临的应许。祂说：“当人子在他荣耀里同着众天使降临的时候，要坐在他荣耀的宝座上。”（25:31）

人子将坐在祂“荣耀的宝座”上的应许，对门徒来说一定是激动人心的。不久前，耶稣对他们说：“你们这跟从我的人，当重生的时候，人子坐在他荣耀的宝座上，你们也要坐在十二个宝座上，审判以色列十二个支派。”（19:28）无疑，他们一定认为他们的时候已经到了，他们即将坐在宝座上。然而，这一次，耶稣没有提到他们将坐在宝座上。在这个比喻中，唯一坐在宝座上的人是“人子”。事实上，十二门徒都是头脑简单的人，他们甚至不知道天国是什么。因此，他们不可能审判任何人。 ⁴

只有主能判断人的内心。当祂进入我们的生活，作为“人子”坐在宝座上，就意味着神将赐给我们能力，用祂的真理来判断我们生命的内在状态。到那时，在主的圣言的光照下，我们可以辨别自己的善恶倾向，区分真实的思想和虚假的思想，把高尚的意图从自私的意图中分别出来。在神圣真理的光照下，我们可以问自己：“这种情感、思想或意图符合主的诫命吗？”如果符合，我们就接纳它；如果不符合，我们就驱逐它。这才是“坐在宝座上”的意思。这是神赋予我们的能力，叫我们可以主导内心产生的思想和情感，或接纳，或驱逐。这样，我们每个人都成为我们内心世国的“王”。

通常情况下，良善的情感与邪恶的情感、真实的思想与虚假的思想、高尚的意图与败坏的意图在我们里面混杂，就像好人与坏人生活在一起一样。这些杂乱的思想和情感现在被描述为我们里面的“万民”，等候审判。我们读到：“万民都要聚集在他面前，他要把他们分别出来，好像牧羊的分别绵羊山羊一般。”（25:32） ⁵

值得注意的是，坐在宝座上的“王”也被描述为一位“牧人”。作为神圣的律法制定者，教导我们真理，主是一位王。但作为神圣的牧人，祂慈悲地引导我们，将真理应用到生活中。因此，在最后一个比喻中，耶稣将王和牧人这两个形象合而为一。作为王，主以真理教导我们；作为牧人，祂以良善引导我们。真理和良善结合在一起，形成了服务他人的生活。在有用的服务中，良善与真理、爱与智慧、仁与信合而为一。 ⁶

耶稣继续说比喻，祂说王要把“绵羊安置在右边，山羊在左边”（25:33）。在圣经中，“绵羊”因为愿意跟随和被引导，代表那些喜欢按照主的诫命生活并跟随祂的人。然而，“山羊”由于其独立的天性，代表那些可能知道真理，但不愿被真理引导的人。这是我们每个人内心的一部分，可能熟悉圣经，却缺乏对真理的喜爱或按照真理生活的意愿。 ⁷

在宗教术语中，“山羊”代表我们每个人的一种倾向，即认为我们只要相信真理，就可以得救，无需按照真理生活。这个观念有时被称为“单单因信得救”（salvation by faith alone）。在这个方面，使徒保罗的话经常被引用：“人称义是因着信，不在乎遵行律法。”（罗马书3:28）然而，当保罗谈到“遵行律法”时，他并不是指十条诫命。相反，他指的是希伯来圣经中的许多仪式和祭祀。

然而，随着时间的推移，人们开始相信，神的恩典会临到那些有“信心”的人，而且神的恩典已经废除了按照诫命生活的要求。人们说：“我现在活在恩典之下，不在律法之下”。任何遵守诫命的努力，或任何行善的尝试，都被认为是“遵行律法”，不过是“污秽的衣服”（*以赛亚书64:6：我们都像不洁净的人，所有的义都像污秽的衣服）。这种观点变得如此普遍，实在令人惊讶，何况耶稣一直教导说，按照诫命履行有用的服务是真信仰的核心。 ⁸

乍看之下，我们很难看出十诫教导了有用的服务。在很大程度上，诫命是教导我们不要做什么，而不是要做什么。它们教导我们不可有别的神，不可妄称耶和华的名，不可在安息日作工，不可杀人，不可奸淫，不可偷盗，不可说谎，不可起贪心。十条诫命中有八条告诉我们不要做什么，而不是要做什么。那么，诫命是如何与有用的服务联系起来的呢？是这样的：通过遵守诫命，我们除去了那些会阻碍主通过我们作工的邪恶。正如先知以赛亚所说：“要止住作恶，学习行善。”（以赛亚书1:16） ⁹

举个例子，思考一下为荣耀自己而行善与为荣耀神而行善之间的区别。在圣经的语言中，为荣耀神而行善被描写为站在王的“右手边”。如经上所记：“王要向那右边的说，你们这蒙我父赐福的，可来承受那创世以来为你们所预备的国。”（25:34）这些人首先专注于洁净自己的心，摆脱自我的欲望和对回报的渴望，以便他们本乎神而行，并为神而行。

在主的“右手边”意味着主藉着我们作工，赐给我们力量和能力，去履行有用的服务。即使在日常用语中，一个值得信赖的、可靠的、执行上级指示的人也被称为“右手”（*得力助手）。那是因为，对大多数人来说，“右手”更有力量。因此，在这个比喻中，“在祂右手边”是指一个人从主那里获得行善的能力。当我们认识到所有行善的能力都来自于主，我们就把荣耀归给了神，而不是把功劳归于自己。我们承认我们只是在充当神的“右手”。 ¹⁰

但是，如果我们没有遵守诫命，没有使用诫命来摆脱自私的思想和欲望，我们就会倾向于相信我们行善是靠着自己。如果我们相信我们行善是靠着自己，我们就不会站在神的右手边。相反，我们将进入山羊当中，被安置在宝座的左边。

因此，在这最后的比喻中，耶稣在问我们每个人：“你为我预备地方了吗？你准备好作我的工了吗？”带着这些问题，我们现在可以考虑绵羊和山羊的比喻的字面含义和属灵含义，这个比喻揭示了基督徒仁爱的本质。 ¹¹

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六种有用的服务

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31. 当人子在他荣耀里同着众天使降临的时候，要坐在他荣耀的宝座上。

32. 万民都要聚集在他面前。他要把他们分别出来，好像牧羊的分别绵羊山羊一般，

33. 把绵羊安置在右边，山羊在左边。

34. 于是，王要向那右边的说，你们这蒙我父赐福的，可来承受那创世以来为你们所预备的国。

35. 因为我饿了，你们给我吃；渴了，你们给我喝；我作客旅，你们留我住；

36. 我赤身露体，你们给我穿；我病了，你们看顾我；我在监里，你们来看我。

37. 义人就回答说，主啊，我们什么时候见你饿了，给你吃，渴了，给你喝？

38. 什么时候见你作客旅，留你住，或是赤身露体，给你穿？

39. 又什么时候见你病了，或是在监里，来看你呢？

40. 王要回答说，我实在告诉你们，这些事你们既做在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上，就是做在我身上了。

41. 王又要向那左边的说，你们这被咒诅的人，离开我！进入那为魔鬼和他的使者所预备的永火里去！

42. 因为我饿了，你们不给我吃；渴了，你们不给我喝；

43. 我作客旅，你们不留我住；我赤身露体，你们不给我穿；我病了，我在监里，你们不来看顾我。

44. 他们也要回答说，主啊，我们什么时候见你饿了，或渴了，或作客旅，或赤身露体，或病了，或在监里，不伺候你呢？

45. 王要回答说，我实在告诉你们，这些事你们既不做在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上，就是不做在我身上了。

46. 这些人要往永刑里去，那些义人要往永生里去。

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绵羊和山羊的比喻以人子作为王坐在祂荣耀的宝座上开始，所有的圣天使都与祂同在。祂的主要任务是分别绵羊和山羊。王告诉那些在他右手边被比作绵羊的人，他们将承受自创世以来为他们所预备的国。这是因为他们遵循了仁爱的六个基本法则。这包括：“我饿了，你们给我吃；渴了，你们给我喝；我作客旅，你们留我住；我赤身露体，你们给我穿；我病了，你们看顾我；我在监里，你们来看我。”（25:35-36）

这些就是仁爱的基本职责。然而，最意味深长的是，真正的仁爱不是我们所行的，而是主藉着我们所行的。在这之前的两个比喻中，聪明的童女灯里有油（爱），勤劳的仆人得了大量的银子（真理）；但爱和真理必须在属灵的婚姻中结合起来，产生有用的服务。童女所领受的爱和仆人所领受的真理都是来自主，而不是来自他们自己。再者，再多的“爱”或“真理”也要在仁爱的行为中体现出来。

换句话说，每一种有用的服务都必须由神圣的爱所激励，由神圣的真理所指引。否则，它不能被视为真正的仁爱。无论一件善行外表看起来多么“良善”，也无论有多少人从中受益，除非它充满神的爱，并由神的智慧所指引，否则它不能被认为是一件善行。如果它是由自我的爱所激发，由自私的利益所催促，由对回报和认可的渴望所驱动，它就不是一件善行。大多数人的动机是复杂的。然而，在真正的仁爱中，自我利益必须放在最后，而不是放在最前。否则，那就是荣耀自己，而不是荣耀神。 ¹²

因此，每当我们面临服务的机会时，我们都要审视自己的动机。无论在什么情况下，我们都必须问自己，我们怎样才能遵行主的旨意，就像羊跟随牧人一样，以此成就最大的善行。当我们把自我的意愿和利益放在一边，我们就可以凭着神的爱，藉着神的智慧行事。

下面就是六类有用的服务。我们将考虑每一类：首先，它可能与我们生活的外在世界中的服务有关，然后，它可能与我们生活的内在世界中的服务有关。

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饿了：“我实在想要行善” ¹³

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第一类有用的服务涉及人类最基本的需求：饥饿。耶稣说：“我饿了，你们给我吃。”提供和分享食物（擘饼）是一种普遍的仁慈和友谊的姿态。当我们支持消除世界饥荒的努力时，这就更加重要了。为饥饿的人提供食物，为那些将死于饥饿的人提供帮助，是世间仁爱的最高形式之一。

在更内在的层面上，我们每个人生来都有渴望行善（即为他人服务）的神圣饥饿感。这是我们最初和最基本的灵性上的饥饿感。每当我们履行真正的服务，伸出爱和同情之手，或者每当我们鼓励他人行善，支持他们行善的努力，我们就是在“喂养饥饿的人”。每当我们为人类的精神福祉做出贡献，或者为他人提供服务的机会，我们就是在满足神所赐的这种饥饿感。因此，奉神的名行善，并鼓励别人如此行，是最能滋养灵魂的食物。正如耶稣所说：“我饿了，你们给我吃。”

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渴了：“我实在想知道真理” ¹⁴

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第二类有用的服务涉及人类的另一个基本需求：口渴。耶稣说：“我渴了，你们给我喝。”水是维持一切物质生命的必要条件。若没有水，人很难存活几天。没有足够的水，毒素就会累积，无法排出体外。这可能导致头痛、精神错乱、昏厥，甚至死亡。全世界都迫切需要安全、无污染的饮用水。让人们获得干净的水，用以解渴，使生命得以维持，这是世间仁爱的一种基本形式。

在更内在的层面上，我们每个人生来都有一种对真理的神圣渴望。纯正的真理对于灵魂的作用，正如干净的水对于身体的作用。它能滋养人，使人神清气爽。清澈的、不受虚假污染的真理，能振奋和鼓舞灵魂，给它目标和方向。灵魂渴望真理，正如干渴的行人渴望水一样。学习真理，以便更好地服务他人的愿望，都是神所赐的渴望。正如耶稣所说：“我渴了，你们给我喝。”

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客旅：“我实在想接受教导” ¹⁵

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第三类有用的服务是关心我们身边的陌生人。耶稣说：“我作客旅，你们留我住。”在耶稣说这话的年代，善待陌生人，接待他们，为他们提供食物和住所，被认为是一种仁爱行为。如经文所记：“若有外人在你们国中和你同居，就不可欺负他。和你们同居的外人，你们要看他如本地人一样，并要爱他如己，因为你们在埃及地也作过寄居的。”（利未记19:33-34）因此，耶稣是在提醒祂的听众，接纳陌生人，欢迎人们进入我们的生活，是一个基本的仁爱法则。

在更内在的层面上，如果我们不了解彼此的愿望、期待和梦想，我们彼此就是陌生人。为了服务他人，我们必须了解我们所服务的人的需要。了解他人需求的意愿，将使我们获得如何最有效服务他人的洞见和方向。因此，我们必须有了解他们的意愿，有接受教导的意愿。

就像我们需要了解陌生人的需要，以便更好地服务他们一样，我们也需要了解主和祂的真实本质，以便更好地服事祂。意思是，我们必须有接受教导的渴望，以便了解神的愿望、期待和梦想。简单地说，就是希望接受祂的教导，以便我们更充分地服事祂。如果我们愿意接受这样的教导，真诚地渴望了解神的旨意，祂就不再是我们的陌生人了。正如耶稣所说：“我作客旅，你们留我住。”

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赤身露体：“若没有主，我的内心就没有良善和真理” ¹⁶

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第四类有用的服务涉及人类对衣服蔽体的需求。耶稣说：“我赤身露体，你们给我穿。”为有需要的人提供外套、毛衣或毯子，免得他们在寒冷中瑟瑟发抖，是一种基本的仁爱行为。据计算，全世界有数百万人买不起鞋子。精简塞满衣服的衣柜，把多余的鞋子送给别人，或者向收容所捐款，这些都是为有需要的人提供衣服蔽体的简单方法。

在更内在的层面上，每当我们没有“穿上”天国的衣服，也就是神的爱和智慧，我们就实在是赤身露体的。例如，在我们的生活中，有时我们可能会感到愤怒、烦恼或沮丧。如果我们在灵性上是警醒的，这可以是一个机会，叫我们承认，若离了主，我们里面就没有良善或真理。换句话说，我们看到我们在灵性上是“赤身露体的”。这时候，我们可以转向主，承认我们是赤身露体的，并祈求穿上合适的衣服，也就是诸如理解、宽恕和智慧等品质。每一种属天的品质都是神的衣服。一旦我们得体地穿上这些衣服，当我们遇见通常会让我们表现自我的情形，我们会用爱和理解来回应；自我是我们裸露在外的部分，丧失了属灵的生命。

同样地，当我们看到别人处于消极的状态，我们可以用主的怜悯和理解来回应他们，用仁爱来给他们蔽体。正如耶稣所说：“我赤身露体，你们给我穿。”

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病了：“若没有主，我里面除了邪恶，什么都没有” ¹⁷

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第五类有用的服务涉及人类在生病时所需的帮助。耶稣说：“我病了，你们看顾我。”很少有人（如果有的话）一生不生病。无论是患上相对轻微的疾病（感冒、发烧、喉咙痛），还是比较严重的疾病（脊髓灰质炎、肝炎、癌症），若有人来探望我们，坐在我们身边，给予我们帮助，我们都会得到安慰。我们感激那些抽时间来照顾我们的人。

在更内在的层面上，承认我们在灵性上是“病人”，就是承认我们自己全然是恶。由于我们倾向于以自我为中心，自私自利，所以我们需要主来医治我们。幸运的是，主从不拒绝任何人。相反，当我们生病时，祂会看顾我们，察看我们的灵魂。祂超越症状，看到每一种属灵疾病的根本原因。这些原因包括但不限于：蔑视、怨恨、拒绝宽恕、图谋报复、各种形式的自我中心，最根本的是，抗拒主的引导。

虽然这样的诊断令人不快，但神圣的医生并没有让我们丧失希望。祂提供了药物，并为我们指明了道路。当我们承认我们确实是以自我为中心，自私自利，选择被个人利益所引导，而不是被主所引导，治愈就有望了。一旦我们开始遵循处方（遵守诫命），治愈就开始了。随着邪恶逐渐被清除，主用祂的爱充满我们，用祂的真理复兴我们，并赐给我们力量，使我们痊愈。

同样地，当我们遇见在灵性上生病的人，我们可以回想主为我们所做的。我们不会转身离开。正如耶稣所说：“我病了，你们看顾我。”

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在监里：“若没有主，我里面除了虚假，什么都没有” ¹⁸

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第六类有用的服务涉及人们在被囚禁时所需的帮助。耶稣说：“我在监里，你们来看我。”在圣经时代，监狱是黑暗的，里面没有窗户，我们称之为地牢。通常，人们会因为无力偿还债务而被送进监狱。在那里，他们会独自坐在黑暗中，不能去任何地方，也不能做任何事情来解脱自己。当我们考虑到囚犯几乎失去了对生活的所有控制，包括不能接触外面的世界时，我们可以想象，若有人来探视他们，会是多么重要。这让他们知道，他们没有被遗忘或抛弃。

在更内在的层面上，每当我们被错误的思维束缚时，我们就成了囚犯，坐在黑暗中。当我们在灵性上被束缚时，我们的思想会变得阴暗。我们陷入恐惧、怀疑和怨恨。我们不是专注于主的真理，感恩祂所赐的丰盛的恩典，而是专注于我们所缺乏的事物。从潜藏的邪恶中，产生了虚假的想象。我们相信事情永远不会改变，没有希望，我们是毫无价值的人，我们的努力是徒劳的。

这些错误的信念可能是毁灭性的，让我们失去希望和盼望。这是一个灵性上的监狱，我们最终失去逃离的愿望。这就是彻底绝望的监狱。

另一方面，还有一种监狱，就是骄傲的监狱。当被束缚在骄傲的监狱里时，我们想象自己比别人更优秀，更重要，更值得称赞。我们要求得到尊重和认可。在这种自高自大的状态下，我们错误地认为我们什么都可以做到。结果，我们过度劳累，争强好胜，并过度要求正确。我们操纵他人来实现我们的野心，如果没有达到目标，就责怪他人，如果得偿所愿，便将成就全归于自己。简而言之，我们错误地认为一切都是我们的功劳。无疑，在骄傲的监狱里，没有主的容身之地。

无论错误的思想是将我们带入绝望的地牢还是骄傲的监狱，问题都是一样的。如果没有主在我们的生命中，没有祂真实的话语在我们的头脑中，我们就无法逃脱虚假的想象，从而陷入痛苦的深渊。但我们必须逃离。这就是为什么我们需要有人来到我们身边，给我们带来真理之光，驱散黑暗。

真理之光所做的第一件事，就是揭示我们在监狱中的事实。如果我们承认我们确实被囚禁了，而且我们需要主的真理来照亮我们的出路，我们就有了一个开始。一旦我们承认了这一点，光就会变得更加明亮。在这道光中，我们看出是错误的思维模式使我们陷入了绝望或骄傲的状态。我们开始相信，我们唯有靠着主，通过祂神圣的真理，才能得着自由。

同样，在我们的生活中，有时人们也会暂时被错误的思维和虚假的想象所禁锢。在这些时候，不应该让他们独自留在监狱中。相反，我们应该靠近他们，倾听他们的心声，并试着去理解他们。然后，当主带着祂的怜悯引导我们时，我们可以提出问题和建议，帮助他们更清楚地了解自己的境地。正如耶稣所说：“我在监里，你们来看我。”

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“你们既作在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上”

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当耶稣描述完这六种有用的服务时，由绵羊所代表的义人说：“主啊，我们什么时候见你饿了，给你吃，渴了，给你喝？什么时候见你作客旅，留你住，或是赤身露体，给你穿？又什么时候见你病了，或是在监里，来看你呢？”耶稣回答说：“我实在告诉你们，这些事你们既做在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上，就是做在我身上了。”（25:37-40）

“我这弟兄中最小的”一语尤其值得注意。每当我们努力看到另一个人身上的良善，并努力支持和鼓励这种良善，我们就是在爱和服务那个人里面的主。我们要喂养、滋润、庇护、遮盖、医治和释放的正是神在他人身上的那种品质，即使是我们所能发现的最小的良善。这是我们能够成就的最伟大的善举。这就是为什么每当我们这样做时，耶稣对我们说：“这些事你们既做在我这弟兄中一个最小的身上，就是做在我身上了。” ¹⁹

耶稣还提出了最后的告诫。如果我们不认真对待祂的劝勉，过一种仁爱的生活，我们将失去天堂的祝福，活在地狱的痛苦中。正如耶稣所说：“这些人要往永刑里去”。

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谦卑之福

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这是耶稣要对门徒说的最后一个比喻。祂已经多次多方地教导他们，谦卑是宗教生活的精髓，凡自己谦卑的，必升为高。

在这一系列仁爱的行为中，耶稣又回到了谦卑的主题。祂教导我们要渴望（hunger for）良善，渴望（thirst for）真理，愿意接受教导；祂教导我们要承认，若离了祂，我们自己没有良善或真理，全然是恶，住在黑暗中。从内在的层面来看，每一类有用的服务都描述了我们体验真正谦卑的另一种方式。这是非常重要的，因为谦卑能使我们获得天堂的祝福。正如耶稣对那些谦卑跟随祂的人所说：“你们这蒙我父赐福的，可来承受那创世以来为你们所预备的国。”（25:34） ²⁰

Footnotes:

700. And there was seen in his temple the ark of His Covenant, signifies Divine truth, by which there is conjunction with the Lord. This is evident from the signification of "the ark of the Covenant," as being Divine truth proceeding from the Lord (of which presently). "The ark of the Covenant" was seen, because "the temple" appeared, and the ark was in the midst of the temple at Jerusalem, and in it were placed the two tables of the law, which signify in a universal sense Divine truth proceeding from the Lord, thus the Lord Himself, who is Divine truth in the heavens; for which reason the Lord is called the Word, in John 1:1, 2, 14. This is the signification of "the ark," because the Tent of meeting represented the three heavens, its court the lowest or first heaven; the tent itself as far as the veil, wherein were the tables for the loaves, the altar of incense, and the lampstand, represented the middle or second heaven; and the ark, which was within the veil, upon which was the mercy-seat with the cherubim, represented the inmost or third heaven; and the law itself which was in the ark, represented the Lord in relation to Divine truth or the Word; and because there is conjunction with the Lord by means of the Word, that ark was called "the ark of the Covenant," "covenant" signifying conjunction. (That the tent or tabernacle represented the form of heaven, and, together with the court, represented the three heavens, and that the holy of holies, which was the inmost, where the ark was, within which were the tables of the law, represented the third or inmost heaven, and that the law or testimony represented the Lord Himself, may be seen in the Arcana Coelestia 3478, 9457, 9481, 9485. And that in the highest sense "the tabernacle," the same as "the temple," signifies the Lord, and in a relative sense heaven and the church, and thence the holiness of worship, n. 9457, 9481, 10242, 10245, 10304, 10545. That in the Word "covenant" signifies conjunction, and that all things of the church, both internal and external, are signs of the covenant, and that they are called covenant because conjunction is effected by means of them, n. 665, 666, 1023, 1038, 1864, 1996, 2003, 2021, 2037, 6804, 8767, 8778, 9396, 9416, 10632. Consequently that the law promulgated on Mount Sinai was called a "covenant," and the ark containing the law "the ark of the Covenant," n. 6804, 9416.)

[2] That the ark with the covenant or testimony inclosed, signifies the Lord in respect to the celestial Divine which is Divine truth in the inmost or third heaven, can be seen from what is said of the ark in the Word. As in Moses:

They shall make Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell in the midst of them, according to all that I have shown thee, the form of the habitation. First, they shall make an ark of shittim wood; and thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, within and without shalt thou overlay it; and thou shalt make for it a border of gold; four rings of gold for the staves. And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony that I will give thee. And thou shalt make a mercy-seat of pure gold; and thou shalt make two cherubim of gold, solid shalt thou make them out of the mercy-seat that the cherubim may spread out their wings, and cover the mercy-seat with their wings; and their faces shall be towards the mercy-seat. And thou shalt put the testimony into the ark; and there I will meet with thee, and I will speak with thee from above the mercy-seat, from between the two cherubim which are upon the ark of the Testimony, of all things which I shall command thee unto the sons of Israel (Exodus 25:8-22).

Thou shalt make a veil of hyacinthine and purple, and scarlet double dyed, and fine twined linen, with cherubim. Thou shalt put it upon four pillars of shittim overlaid with gold; and thou shalt place the veil under the clasps; and thou shalt bring in thither within the veil the ark of the Testimony; so that the veil shall divide unto you between the holy place and the holy of holies; and thou shalt put the veil before the ark in the holy of holies (Exodus 26:31-34).

It was said above that the tent where there were the ark, the lampstand, the table for the loaves, and the altar for incense, together with the court, represented the three heavens, and that the place within the veil where the ark was that contained the law or testimony, represented the third heaven. That place represented that heaven, because the law was there, and the "law" means the Lord in relation to Divine truth or the Word, for this in a broad sense is what that "law" signifies, and it is Divine truth proceeding from the Lord that forms the heavens. This is received in the greatest purity by the angels of the third heaven, because they are in conjunction with the Lord through love to Him, since all angels in that heaven are in love to the Lord; consequently they see Divine truth in themselves, like something implanted, although it flows in continually from the Lord. For this reason that heaven more than the other heavens which are below it, is said to be in the Lord, because it is in the Divine that proceeds from Him.

[3] It was that heaven that was represented by the ark that contained the law, that is, the Lord. This is why the ark was overlaid with gold within and without, and the mercy-seat was over the ark, and over the mercy-seat and out of it were the two cherubim which were of pure gold; for gold signifies from correspondence the good of love, in which are the angels of the third heaven. The "mercy-seat" signified the hearing and reception of all things of the worship that is from the good of love from the Lord; and the "cherubim" signified the Lord's providence and guard that He be not approached except through the good of love. That heaven with its angels is a guard against anything being elevated to the Lord Himself except what proceeds from the good of love to Him and from Him. For all worship of God passes through the heavens even to the Lord, and is purified in the way, until it is elevated to the third heaven, and there it reaches ¹ the Lord and is received by Him; everything else, being impure, is removed on the way. This is why cherubim of gold were placed over the mercy-seat, which was over the ark; also why that place was called a sanctuary, and also the holy of holies, and was divided from the outer part of the tabernacle by the veil.

[4] That the tent with the court represented the three heavens is evident also from this, that all things instituted among the sons of Israel were representatives of heavenly things; for the church itself was a representative church; thus especially the tabernacle with the altar was the most holy thing of worship; for worship was celebrated upon the altar by burnt-offerings and sacrifices, and in the tabernacle by incense offerings, and by the lamps that were lighted every day, and by the loaves that were placed in order daily upon the table. All these represented all worship in heaven and in the church, and the tent itself with the ark represented the heavens themselves. For this reason that tabernacle was called "the dwelling place of Jehovah God," as heaven itself is called. That the heavens were represented by the tabernacle is evident also from this, that the form of it was shown to Moses by the Lord upon Mount Sinai, and what is shown in form by the Lord must represent either heaven or the things belonging to heaven. That the form of the tabernacle was shown to Moses upon Mount Sinai, can be seen from what was said to Moses:

Let them make Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell In the midst of them, according to all that I have shown thee, the form of the habitation. [And afterwards:] See and make them in their form which thou wast made to see in the mount (Exodus 25:8, 9, 40).

That is why it is called "a sanctuary," and it is said "that I may dwell in the midst of them." In respect to the ark in particular, that is, what it signifies, also "the mercy-seat over it," and "the cherubim over the mercy-seat," as also "the border of gold round about the ark," and also "the four rings for the staves," also "the veil," "the clasps," and the other things, all this may be seen explained in the Arcana Coelestia 9484-9577, 9670-9680).

[5] The holiness itself of the whole tabernacle was from the testimony, that is, from the two tables of stone on which the law was written, because "the law" signified the Lord in relation to Divine truth, and thus in relation to the Word, for that is Divine truth. That the Lord is the Word is evident from what is said in John:

The Word was with God, and God was the Word, and the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us (John 1:1, 2, 14).

That the law, which is called both "the testimony" and "the covenant," was placed in the ark, likewise the book written by Moses, can be seen from these words in Moses:

Thou shalt put into the ark the testimony that I shall give thee (Exodus 25:16; 40:20).

I put the tables of the law in the ark that I had made, that they might be there, even as Jehovah commanded me (Deuteronomy 10:5).

And of the book of the law written by Moses:

When Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law upon the book, even when he had finished them, Moses commanded the Levites that bare the ark to take the book of the law, and put it by the side of the ark of the Covenant, that it might be there for a witness (Deuteronomy 31:24-26).

This shows that there was nothing inside of the ark except the two tables of stone on which the law was written, and that the book of Moses was by the side of it. That there was nothing in the ark except the two tables of the covenant is evident from the first book of Kings:

There was nothing in the ark save the two tables of stone, which Moses put there at Horeb, the covenant which Jehovah made with the sons of Israel (1 Kings 8:9).

That the book of Moses which was laid by the side of the ark was afterwards taken out and preserved in the temple is shown by the fact:

That Hilkiah the high priest found the book of the law in the house of Jehovah and gave it to Shaphan, who told it unto the king, and read it before the king (2 Kings 22:8-11).

[6] That the ark represented the Lord in relation to Divine truth, and consequently signified Divine truth from the Lord, thus the Word, is shown by the fact that from it the Lord spoke with Moses, for it is said:

Thou shalt put the testimony into the ark; and there I will meet thee, and I will speak with thee from between the two cherubim which are upon the ark of the Testimony, of all things which I will give thee in commandment unto the sons of Israel (Exodus 25:21, 22);

and elsewhere:

When Moses went into the Tent of meeting to speak with Him he heard the voice of one speaking unto him from above the mercy-seat that was upon the ark of the Testimony, from between the two cherubim; thus He spake unto him (Numbers 7:89).

The Lord spoke to Moses therefrom because the law was there, and that law signifies in a broad sense the Lord in relation to the Word, and from the Word the Lord speaks with man; it was "from above the mercy-seat between the two cherubim," because "the mercy-seat" signifies the removal of falsities that are from evil loves, and at the same time reception and hearing, and "the cherubim" signify a guard that there be no approach except through the good of love.

[7] Because the Lord in heaven and in the church is Divine truth or the Word, which is meant by the law inclosed in the ark, and because the Lord is present in the law or the Word, so where the ark was, there was Jehovah or the Lord, as can be seen from these words in Moses:

Moses said to Jehovah, ² Leave us not, I pray; forasmuch as thou knowest how we must encamp in the wilderness, therefore thou wilt be to us instead of eyes; and it shall be when thou shalt go with us, yea, it shall be that the good that Jehovah shall do unto us, the same good we will do unto thee. And they journeyed from the mount of Jehovah a way of three days, and the ark of the Covenant of Jehovah journeyed before them a way of three days to search out a resting place for them; and the cloud of Jehovah was over them by day, when they journeyed from the camp. When the ark journeyed Moses said, Arise, O Jehovah, let Thine enemies be scattered, and let them that hate Thee flee from before Thy faces; and when it rested he said, Return, O Jehovah, to the myriads of the thousands of Israel (Numbers 10:31-36).

It is clear from these particulars that Jehovah or the Lord is here meant by "the ark" because of His presence in the law that was in the ark, thus because of His presence in the Word. Since the Lord is here meant by the law, and thus by the ark, "Moses said, Arise, O Jehovah, that Thine enemies be scattered, and let them that hate Thee flee from before Thy faces; and when it rested he said, Return, O Jehovah, to the myriads of the thousands of Israel." But still more interior things are involved in these words, namely, that the Lord by His Divine truth leads men and defends them against falsities and evils, which are from hell, especially in temptations, which are signified in particular by the journeyings of the sons of Israel in the wilderness forty years. That the Lord leads men continually by His Divine truth is signified by "the ark of the Covenant of Jehovah journeyed before them a way of three days to search out a resting place for them," "the ark of Jehovah" meaning the Lord in relation to Divine truth, "journeying a way of three days" meaning His auspices and leading from beginning to end, and "searching out" signifying salvation, which is the end.

[8] Moreover, protection from falsities and evils which are from hell is signified by "the cloud of Jehovah over them by day," as well as by the words of Moses when the ark journeyed, "Arise, O Jehovah, let Thine enemies be scattered, and let them that hate Thee flee from before Thy faces;" "the cloud of Jehovah by day" signifies also protection by Divine truth in ultimates, such as the Word is in the sense of the letter, for by such truth the Lord can be approached even by the evil, and by it He defends the interior things of the Word, which are celestial and spiritual. (That this sense of the Word is signified by a "cloud" may be seen above, n. 594.) "Enemies" and "them that hate" signify falsities and evils that are from hell, "enemies" falsities, and "them that hate" evils, thus they signify the hells in respect to falsities and evils. Truths from good, which are implanted in man after temptations, are signified by "when the ark rested Moses said, Return, O Jehovah, to the myriads of the thousands of Israel;" "the resting of the ark" signifies the state after temptations, when evils and falsities have been removed; "to return" signifies the Lord's presence at that time, for in temptations the Lord appears to be absent; "the myriads of the thousands of Israel" signify the truths from good implanted, which constitute the church. (That "myriads" are predicated of truths, and "thousands" of goods, see above, n. 336.)

[9] There is a like significance in these words in David:

Lo, we have heard of Him in Ephrathah, we have found Him in the fields of the forest; we will come into His habitations, we will bow ourselves down at His footstool. Arise, O Jehovah, to Thy resting place, Thou and the ark of Thy strength. Let Thy priests be clothed with righteousness and let Thy saints shout for joy (Psalms 132:6-9).

Evidently this Psalm treats of the Lord, who is here meant by "David," as can be seen from its being said, "We have found Him in Ephrathah and in the fields of the forest," also that "they bowed themselves down at His footstool;" "Ephrathah" meaning Bethlehem where the Lord was born, and signifying the Word in respect to its natural sense, while "Bethlehem" signifies the Word in respect to its spiritual sense; and there He chose to be born because the Lord is the Word; "the fields of the forest" signify the things of the natural sense of the Word, thus of the sense of the letter; while "His habitations" signify the spiritual sense of the Word, also heaven, since heaven is in that sense. The "footstool" to which they shall bow themselves down signifies the natural sense of the Word, and thence also the church on earth, since the church is in that sense. (That the "footstool" of the Lord means the church on earth, see above, n. 606.)

[10] The "resting place" to which Jehovah should arise signifies the union of the Divine and the Human in the Lord, and His conjunction with heaven and the church; and because the Lord, and also those who are in heaven and in the church, have rest and peace when He has subjugated the hells and has brought all things there and in the heavens into order, it is said, "Arise, Thou and the ark of Thy strength," "Thou" meaning the Lord Himself, and "the ark of Thy strength" Divine truth proceeding from Him, for through this the Lord has Divine power. The "priests who shall be clothed with righteousness" and the "saints who shall shout for joy," have a similar signification as "the thousands and myriads of Israel," "priests" meaning those who are in good, and "saints" those who are in truths, thus in an abstract sense the goods and truths of heaven and the church. (That "priests" in an abstract sense signify the goods of the church may be seen above, n. 31 at the end, and that "saints" in that sense signify the truths of the church, n. 204, 325.) More about this Psalm may be seen above n. 684.

[11] Because the ark, from the law that was in it, signified the Lord in relation to Divine truth, and the Lord has omnipotence from Divine good through Divine truth, therefore by means of the ark miracles were wrought. Thus by means of it the waters of Jordan were divided, so that the sons of Israel passed over on dry ground; the wall of the city of Jericho was overthrown; Dagon, the god of the Ashdodites, fell down before it; the Ashdodites, the Gittites, the Ekronites, and the Bethshemites, were smitten with plagues on account of it; Uzzah died because he touched it; Obed-edom, into whose house it was brought, was blessed. As these historical facts involve arcana that can be opened only by the spiritual sense I also will explain them, that it may be known what the ark signifies in a strict sense and in a broad sense. First, respecting the division of the waters of Jordan that the sons of Israel might pass through on dry ground, in Joshua:

Joshua and all the sons of Israel came to Jordan; and at the end of three days Joshua commanded, saying, When ye shall see the ark of the Covenant of Jehovah, and the priests, the Levites, bearing it, ye shall journey from your place and shall go after it; yet there shall be a space between you and it, about two thousand cubits; ye shall not draw near unto it. And the priests lifted up the ark of the Covenant and went before the people. And Joshua said, When ye shall come to the brink of the waters of Jordan, ye shall stand still in Jordan. And he said unto the people, Behold, the ark of the Covenant of the Lord of the whole earth passing over before you into Jordan; and take ye twelve men of the tribes of Israel; and when the soles of the feet of the priests that bear the ark of Jehovah the Lord of the whole earth shall rest in the waters of Jordan, the waters of Jordan shall be cut off, even the waters that come down from above shall stand in one heap. And it came to pass when the priests came unto Jordan, and the feet of the priests that bear the ark were dipped in the brink of the waters, and Jordan was full, as it was wont to be all the days of harvest, the waters that came down from above stood in one heap, stretching out very far from the city Adam; and those that came down upon the sea of the plain, the sea of salt, were completely cut off, so that the people could pass over towards Jericho. And the priests stood on the dry ground in the midst of Jordan; and all the people passed over on dry ground. Afterwards Jehovah said unto Joshua, Take to you twelve men, one of a tribe; and lift up out of the midst of Jordan, from where the priests' feet stood, twelve stones, which ye shall bring over with you, and leave in the place where ye pass the night. And the sons of Israel did so; and they lifted up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, according to the numbers of the tribes of Israel, and they carried them over unto the place where they passed the night. Then after that all the people had finished passing over, the ark of Jehovah passed over, and the priests. And it came to pass when the priests were come up and the soles of their feet were plucked out, the waters of Jordan returned into their place. And the twelve stones which they took out of Jordan did Joshua set up in Gilgal (Joshua 3:1-17; 4:1-20).

All the historicals of the Word, as well as its prophetical parts, contain a spiritual sense that treats, not of the sons of Israel and of nations and peoples, but of the church and its establishment and progress, for this is the spiritual of the Word, while the history is the natural that contains the spiritual. Therefore also all the miracles described in the Word, as the miracles done in Egypt and afterwards in the land of Canaan, involve such things as belong to heaven and the church, and for this reason also these miracles are Divine.

[12] The miracle described above signifies the introduction of the faithful into the church, and through the church into heaven. "The sons of Israel" mean here in the spiritual sense the faithful, who after enduring temptations, which are signified by their wanderings in the wilderness, are brought into the church; for "the land of Canaan," into which the sons of Israel were brought, signifies the church, and "Jordan" signifies the first entrance into it; and "the waters of Jordan" signify truths that introduce into it, which are such as those of the literal sense of the Word, for those are what first introduce. But here "Jordan" and its waters signify the falsities of evil which conduct towards hell, since the land of Canaan was then filled with idolatrous nations, which signify evils and falsities of every kind, which constitute hell; for this reason these were to be driven out, that there might be a place for establishing the church. Because "the waters of Jordan" then signified the falsities of evil, they were parted and removed, to give a passage to the sons of Israel, who were to represent the church.

[13] Now as the Lord alone removes and scatters the falsities of evil that are from hell, and by His Divine truths introduces the faithful into the church and into heaven, and as the ark and the law inclosed in it represented the Lord in relation to Divine truth, it was commanded that the ark should go before the people and thus lead them. This is why it came to pass that as soon as the priests bearing the ark dipped their feet in the waters of Jordan those waters were divided and went down, and the people passed over on dry land, and after this was done the waters returned. Then these same waters signified truths that introduce; for Jordan was the first boundary of the land of Canaan, and that land, when the sons of Israel had entered into it, represented the church, and that river introduction into it.

[14] As the waters of Jordan signified truths that introduce they were commanded to take up out of the midst of it twelve stones, and carry them over to the first place where they passed the night, and this because "stones" signify truths, and "twelve stones according to the number of the tribes of Israel" signified the truths of the church. Joshua set up those stones in Gilgal to the east of Jericho, because "Gilgal" signified the doctrine of natural truth, which is serviceable for introduction into the church. From these few things it is clear what things of heaven and the church were represented by this miracle, also that the "ark," because of the law in it, signified the Lord in relation to Divine truth, therefore it is called "the ark of the Covenant of the Lord of the whole earth," as meaning conjunction with the Lord through Divine truth, since conjunction, which is signified by "covenant," is effected through Divine truth, and that is what constitutes heaven and the church, which are signified in particular by "the whole earth;" in fact, through Divine truth all things were made and created, according to the Lord's words (in John 1:1-3, 10; and in David, Psalms 33:6), "the Word" there meaning Divine truth.

[15] The second miracle done by means of the ark was the overthrow of the wall of Jericho, which is thus described in Joshua:

The city of Jericho was shut up; and Jehovah said unto Joshua, I have given into thy hand Jericho and the king thereof, and the mighty in valor. Ye shall compass the city, all the men of war, once a day for six days. And seven priests shall bear seven trumpets of jubilee before the ark; but the seventh day ye shall compass the city seven times, and the priests shall sound with the trumpets, and then the people shall shout with a great shout, and the wall of the city shall fall down from beneath itself; and the people shall go up. Then Joshua made them go round the city once the first day, as it had been said; after which circuit they returned into the camp, and passed the night in the camp; in like manner the day after. And the seven priests bearing the seven trumpets of jubilee before the ark of Jehovah went on, going, and sounded the trumpets, before whom went the men of war, and the rear marching after the ark, going and sounding the trumpets. And so they did six days; and the seventh day they compassed the city seven times; and the seventh time the people shouted. And when the people heard this, then the wall of the city fell down beneath itself, and the people went up into the city, and gave to the curse all things which were in the city, from man even to woman, and from the boy to the old man. And they burned up the city with fire, and all things that were in it; only the silver and gold, and the vessels of brass and iron they put into the treasury of the house of Jehovah. And Joshua adjured them, saying, Cursed be the man before Jehovah that shall rise up and build this city; with his firstborn he shall lay the foundations of it, and with the youngest he shall set up its folding doors (Joshua 6:1-26).

No one can know the Divine meaning contained in this miracle, unless he knows what is signified by "the city of Jericho" in the land of Canaan, which was burned up, by "its wall" which fell, by the "inhabitants" who were given to the curse, by "the gold and silver, and the vessels of brass and iron," that were put into the treasury of the house of Jehovah, also by "sounding the trumpets and shouting," and by "compassing it six days, and seven times on the seventh day." The "city of Jericho" signifies instruction in the knowledges of good and truth, by which man is introduced into the church; for Jericho was a city not far from the Jordan, and that river signified introduction into the church (as has been said above). For all places in the land of Canaan were significative of things celestial and spiritual belonging to the church, and this from the most ancient times; and as the sons of Israel were to represent the church, and among them the Word was written, in which those places were to be mentioned signifying such things as are of heaven and the church, therefore the sons of Israel were introduced into it, and their introduction was signified by "the river Jordan," and their instruction by "Jericho." And as "Jericho" signified instruction it signified also the good of life, because unless one is in the good of life he cannot be instructed in the truths of doctrine. But when the land of Canaan was held by idolatrous nations the signification of the places and cities in that land was changed into the opposite, Jericho then signifying the profanation of truth and good. From this it follows that the "city" itself signified the doctrine of falsity and evil, which perverted and profaned the truths and goods of the church, its "wall" signifying falsities of evil defending that doctrine, and the "inhabitants" those who are profane; and as all profaneness is from infernal love after the acknowledgment of truth and good, therefore the city was burned with fire, the inhabitants given to the curse, and its wall fell down, "fire" signifying infernal love, "curse" a total blotting out, and "the falling down of the wall" exposure to every evil and falsity.

[16] The sounding of the trumpets by the priests signified the proclamation of Divine truth from Divine good; the shouting and acclamation of the people signified consent and confirmation; compassing the city signified a survey of falsity and evil and their dispersion by the influx of Divine truth from the Lord; this influx was signified by carrying the ark about it. The priests were seven in number, and the city was compassed seven days, and seven times on the seventh day, to signify what is holy, and the holy proclamation of Divine truth, "seven" signifying holiness, and in the contrary sense profaneness, and as there was holiness on the one part and profaneness on the other, there were seven priests with seven trumpets, and the city was compassed seven times.

[17] The gold, the silver, and the vessels of brass and iron, were put into the treasury of the house of Jehovah, because these signified the knowledges of spiritual and natural truth and good, "gold and silver" the knowledges of spiritual truth and good, and "the vessels of brass and iron" knowledges of natural truth and good, which with those who profane are changed into direful falsities and evils; but as they continue to be knowledges, although applied to evils, they are serviceable to use with the good by application to what is good, and therefore these things were put into the treasury of the house of Jehovah. This also is what is meant by the "pounds" [minae] that were taken away from the evil and given to the good; likewise by the "unrighteous mammon;" also by "the gold, silver, and raiment," that the sons of Israel took away from the Egyptians and afterwards devoted to the tabernacle; and also by "the gold and silver" that David gathered from the spoils of enemies, and left to Solomon for building the temple.

[18] That he who rebuilt Jericho would be cursed, and that "he would lay the foundation of it with his firstborn, and set up its folding-doors with his youngest," signified the profanation of Divine truth from its first to its last, if instruction in it should be represented elsewhere than in Jerusalem, by which the church was signified in respect to the doctrine of truth and good, and in respect to instruction from the Word. That this profanation took place under King Ahab by Hiel the Bethelite is recorded in 1 Kings 16:34; and Ahab is said to have done evil in the eyes of Jehovah above all the kings of Israel (verses 1 Kings 16:30, 33). From this miracle done by means of the ark it can be seen that the ark, because of the law in it, represented the Lord in relation to Divine truth, and thence signified the Divine truth proceeding from the Lord.

[19] The third miracle, that Dagon, the god of the Ashdodites, fell down before the ark, and the Ashdodites, Gittites, Ekronites, and Bethshemites were smitten with plagues because of it, is thus described in the first book of Samuel:

Israel went out against the Philistines to war. And Israel was beaten before the Philistines about four thousand men. Therefore the elders said, Let us take unto us out of Shiloh the ark of the Covenant of Jehovah, and let it come into the midst of us, and deliver us out of the hand of the enemy. And they brought from thence the ark of the Covenant of Jehovah of Hosts sitting above the cherubim, and with the ark the two sons of Eli. And it came to pass when the ark came to the camp, all Israel shouted with a great shout; the Philistines heard, and knew that the ark of Jehovah was come to the camp, and they feared for themselves, saying, God is come to the camp; woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hands of these mighty gods? These are the gods that smote the Egyptians with every plague. But be strong and be men, O ye Philistines, that ye may not serve the Hebrews. And the Philistines fought, and Israel was beaten with a great slaughter, about thirty thousand footmen; and the ark of God was taken, and both the sons of Eli died. And the Philistines took the ark, and brought it down to Ashdod, into the house of Dagon, and they set it beside Dagon. When they of Ashdod rose in the morning, behold, Dagon lay upon his faces on the earth before the ark of Jehovah; and they put back Dagon again. But when they arose in the morning, Dagon lay upon his faces on the earth before the ark, and both the head of Dagon and the two palms of his hands lay cut off upon the threshold. And the hand of Jehovah was heavy upon them of Ashdod, and He smote them with emerods, Ashdod and the borders thereof. Then the men of Ashdod said, The ark of Israel shall not abide with us. Therefore the lords of the Philistines said, Let the ark of the God of Israel be carried over unto Gath. And they carried it over unto Gath. But the hand of Jehovah was against the city, and smote the men of the city from the least to the greatest, and emerods brake out upon them. So they sent the ark of God to Ekron. But the Ekronites cried out that they should be slain. And the men that died not were smitten with emerods. Therefore the lords said that they would send back the ark into its place. When the ark had remained in the field of the Philistines seven months, the Philistines called the priests and diviners, saying, What shall we do with the ark of Jehovah; how shall we send it back to its place? And they said, Send it not empty, but send it back with a guilt-offering, then shall ye be healed, namely, according to the number of the lords of the Philistines, five emerods of gold and five mice of gold, for one plague is upon you all and upon your lords; ye shall make images of your emerods, and images of your mice, that have laid waste the land; and make a new cart, and two milch kine upon which there hath come no yoke, and tie the kine to the cart, and bring back their calves from them to the house, and put the ark of Jehovah upon the cart, and the vessels of gold put into a coffer at the side thereof; and see if it goeth up the way of the border to Bethshemesh. And they did so. Then the kine went straightway upon the way to Bethshemesh in the one highway, and they lowed; and the lords of the Philistines went after them. And the cart came into the field of Joshua the Bethshemite, and stood there, where there was a great stone. Then they clave the wood of the cart, and offered the kine for a burnt-offering to Jehovah. And the Levites set down the ark of Jehovah, and the coffer in which were the vessels of gold, upon that great stone; and the men of Bethshemesh offered burnt-offerings, and sacrificed sacrifices to Jehovah. But the Bethshemites were smitten because they saw the ark of Jehovah, about fifty thousand and seventy men. But the men of Kiriath-jearim caused the ark of Jehovah to come up, and brought it into the house of Abinadab in Gibeah, and it remained there twenty years. Then Samuel said, If with the whole heart ye will return to Jehovah, put ye away the gods of the alien and Ashtaroth, and prepare your heart towards Jehovah, and serve Him only, then will He deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines (1 Samuel 4:1-11; 5:1-12; 6:1-21; 7:1-3).

What is signified by all this-that the ark was taken by the Philistines, and the Philistines were smitten with emerods on account of the ark in Ashdod, Gath, and Ekron, also that mice laid waste their land, and that so many died there and in Bethshemesh-cannot be known unless it is known what the Philistines, and in particular the Ashdodites, Gittites, Ekronites, and Bethshemites, represented and thence signified; also what is signified by "emerods" and by "mice," and by "the golden images" of these, and besides by the "new cart" and "the milch kine." Evidently these are representatives of such things as belong to the church, for otherwise why should the Philistines have been smitten with such plagues, and the ark have been so brought back?

[20] The Philistines represented, and thence signified, those who make no account of the good of love and charity, and thus no account of the good of life; placing everything of religion in knowledge and cognition; therefore they were like those at the present day who make faith alone, that is, faith separated from charity, the essential of the church and the essential of salvation. This is why they were called "the uncircumcised," for to be uncircumcised signifies to be destitute of spiritual love, thus of good; and because they had reference to those within the church they were not spiritual, but merely natural, since he who makes no account of the good of charity and of life becomes merely natural, and even sensual, loving only worldly things, and is unable to understand any truths spiritually, and the truths he apprehends naturally he either falsifies or defiles. Such are they who are meant in the Word by the "Philistines." Thence it is evident why the Philistines so frequently fought with the sons of Israel, and that sometimes the Philistines conquered, and sometimes the sons of Israel. The Philistines conquered when the sons of Israel departed from the statutes and precepts in not doing them; but when the sons of Israel lived according to these they conquered. To live according to the precepts and statutes was their good of love and good of life. At this time the sons of Israel were conquered by the Philistines because they had departed from the worship of Jehovah to the worship of other gods, especially to the worship of Ashtaroth, as can be seen from what Samuel said to them (1 Samuel 7:3). For the same reason also the ark had been taken by the Philistines.

[21] When it is known that the Philistines represented and thence signified those who make no account of the good of love, charity, and life, it can be known why because of the ark they were smitten with emerods and died in consequence; also why mice laid waste the land; for "emerods" signify truth defiled by such evil of life as is with those who are destitute of good; since "blood" signifies truth, and the corrupted blood from emerods truth defiled; and the hinder part, where the emerods were, signifies natural love, which with those not spiritual is the love of the world, while "mice" signify the falsities of the sensual man, which eat up and consume all things of the church, as mice lay waste fields and crops, and also the vegetables underground. Such were their plagues, because they were such, since those who are without good defile truths and also lay waste all things of the church. This was done on account of the ark, because the "ark" signified the Divine truth that proceeds from the Lord, and this cannot be genuine truth but with those who are in the good of love, and thence in the good of life; and when Divine truth flows in with those who are not in good it produces effects that correspond to their falsities of doctrine and evils of life, just as in the spiritual world, when Divine truth flows into such, the defilement of truth and devastation of good are manifested in a likeness of emerods and mice.

[22] Dagon the god of the Ashdodites, because of the nearness and presence of the ark, was cast down to the earth, and afterwards his head and the palms of his hands were cast upon the threshold of his temple, because "Dagon" signified their religion, which was wholly without intelligence and without power, because it was without spiritual good, "head" signifying intelligence, and "palms of the hands" power. It is similar in the spiritual world, when Divine truth inflows out of heaven with such persons, for they then appear as if they were without a head and without palms of the hands because they are without intelligence or power.

[23] By the advice of their priests and diviners they made golden images of the emerods and mice, and set them at the side of the ark upon a new cart, to which they tied two milch kine on which no yoke had come, because "gold" signifies the good of love, which heals and purifies from falsities and evils, which are signified by the "emerods and mice," also because a "cart" signifies the doctrine of natural truth, and a "new cart" that doctrine untouched and unpolluted by the falsities of their evil, and the "milch kine" on which no yoke had come signify natural good not yet defiled by falsities, for to bear a yoke signifies to serve, here to serve falsities which defile good; and as such good agrees with the Divine truth, which was signified by the "ark," therefore these representatives were adapted and applied; and afterwards the Levites offered the kine as a burnt-offering, which they burned with the wood of the cart.

[24] The ark with the gifts was put on a great stone, near which the kine stood still, because a "stone" signifies Divine truth in the ultimate of order. The priests and diviners of the Philistines recommended this to be done because a knowledge of correspondences and representations was a common knowledge at that time, since it was their theology, known to the priests and diviners, who were their wise men. But because men at that time had become for the most part merely natural, they regarded these things in an idolatrous way, worshiping the externals, and giving no thought to the internals that the externals represented. From this it can be seen what the particulars here cited from the book of Samuel signify in series, also that the "ark," because of the law in it, signifies Divine truth proceeding from the Lord.

[25] Fourth, the two miracles wrought by means of the ark, the death of Uzzah and the blessing of Obed-edom, are thus described in the second book of Samuel:

David arose and went, and all the people that were with him, from Baal-Judah, to bring up from thence the ark of God, whose name is called upon, the name of Jehovah of Hosts that sitteth upon the cherubim. And they caused the ark of God to be carried upon a new cart, and they brought it up out of the house of Abinadab, which was in Gibeah; and Uzzah and Ahio, the sons of Abinadab, were leading the cart. And David and all the house of Israel were playing before Jehovah, upon instruments of fir-wood of every kind, and upon harps, and with psalteries, and with timbrels, and with sistra, and with cymbals. And when they came to the threshing floor of Nachon, Uzzah put forth unto the ark and seized upon it, because the oxen stumbled; and the anger of Jehovah glowed against Uzzah, and God smote him for his error, so that he died there by the ark of God. And David was grieved at it, and David feared Jehovah that day, and he said, How shall the ark of Jehovah come unto me? And David would not remove the ark of Jehovah unto him in the city of David, but he turned it aside into the house of Obed-edom the Gittite. And the ark of Jehovah remained in his house three months, and Jehovah blessed Obed-edom and all his house; and it was told to King David; and David went and brought up the ark of God from the house of Obed-edom into the city of David with joy; and when they that bare the ark of Jehovah had gone six paces, he sacrificed an ox and a fatling; and David danced with all his strength before Jehovah, girt with a linen ephod. And David and all the house of Israel brought up the ark of Jehovah with a shout and with the sound of a trumpet; and they brought the ark of Jehovah into the city of David, which is Zion, and set it up in its place within the tent that David had stretched out for it (2 Samuel 6:1-17).

These historical facts in the internal or spiritual sense involve many things that cannot come into view in the sense of the letter, which is the historical sense; as what is involved in the fact that the ark was brought from the house of Abinadab into the house of Obed-edom, and at length into the city of David, which is Zion; in the fact that when it was brought they played and sounded all kinds of musical instruments, and David himself danced; that the ark was brought upon a new cart, to which oxen were tied; also that Uzzah, the son of Abinadab, died, and Obed-edom with his house was blessed. All these things, although historical, have concealed in their bosom such things as pertain to heaven and the church, in like manner as the ark itself, which, on account of the law in it, represented the Lord as to the Divine truth; therefore it is called "the ark of God whose name is called upon, the name of Jehovah of hosts that sitteth upon the cherubim." That the ark was now brought out of the house of Abinadab, first into the house of Obed-edom and at length into the city of David, which is Zion, involves arcana that no one can know unless he knows what was signified by "Gibeah" and by "Baal-Judah" there, where Abinadab was, and by "Gath" where Obed-edom was, and finally by "Zion" where David was. All the regions and the cities in them in the land of Canaan were representative, as it is in the spiritual world with the regions there and their cities. In the spiritual world in every region and also in every city those who are in the good of love dwell toward the east and the west, those who are in a bright good of love toward the east, and those who are in an obscure good of love toward the west; while toward the south and the north there those dwell who are in the light of truth; those who are in a bright light of truth toward the south and those who are in an obscure light of truth toward the north. The like is true of the land of Canaan and its regions and the cities of those regions; in reference to their quarters these corresponded to the regions of the spiritual world and to the cities of those regions; but with this difference, that on earth it is impossible so to arrange men in their quarters in respect to the good of love and the light of truth, as the spirits and angels are arranged in the spiritual world; consequently in the land of Canaan and its cities the places themselves represented, and not the persons. That this was so can be seen from the partition of the land of Canaan into inheritances, which fell by lot to the tribes according to their representation of the church; also from the representation of the church itself by Jerusalem and Zion, Jerusalem representing the church in respect to the truth of doctrine and Zion the church in respect to the good of love. When, therefore, it is known what pertaining to heaven and the church is signified by "Gibeah," and by "Baal-Judah" there, where Abinadab was, and what by "Gath" where Obed-edom was, it can be known what is signified by bringing the ark from Abinadab to Obed-edom, and at length into Zion.

[26] From the signification of these cities it can be seen that the transference of the ark represented the progress of the church with man, from its ultimate to its inmost, as from one heaven into another, even to the highest, which is the third heaven. "Baal-Judah," where Abinadab was, signified the ultimate of the church, which is called its natural, for this was represented by "Gibeah," where "Baal-Judah" was. But "Gath," where Obed-edom was, who was therefore called a Gittite, signified the spiritual of the church; and this signification it took on after the sons of Israel had taken from the Philistines the cities from Ekron even to Gath (1 Samuel 7:13-15); while "Zion," where David was, signified the inmost of the church, which is called its celestial.

[27] From this it is evident that the transference of the ark signified the progress of the church with man from its ultimate to its inmost; and this because such progressions are effected by means of Divine truth, which was signified by the ark; for the man of the church progresses from the natural to the spiritual, and through that to the celestial, and this continually from the Lord by means of His Divine truth; the natural is the good of life, the spiritual is the good of charity toward the neighbor, and the celestial is the good of love to the Lord. As the goods of the three heavens have a like progression, so the ascent through them in their order is also represented.

[28] Their playing and sounding all kinds of musical instruments, and David's dancing when the ark was brought up, represented the gladness and joy that result from the affection of truth and good from the Lord through the influx of Divine truth, which was signified by the "ark;" the instruments mentioned, on which they played in the first journey from the house of Abinadab to the house of Obed-edom, represented gladness of mind from a natural and spiritual affection of truth; and the dancing of David, also the shouting and sound of the trumpet represented joy of heart from the affection of spiritual and celestial good. Harmonies of musical sound are from the spiritual world, and signify the affections with their gladnesses and joys (as may be seen above, n. 323, 326). "Zion" signifies the third heaven, and thence the inmost of the church (See also above, n. 405.

[29] "The ark" brought on a new cart to which oxen were tied represented and thence signified the doctrine of truth from the good of love, "cart" signifying the doctrine of truth, and "oxen" the good of love, both in the natural man; for Divine truth, which is signified by the "ark," rests and is founded upon the doctrine of natural truth which is from good; this is why the ark was set upon a cart before which were oxen. (That a "chariot" [or cart] signifies the doctrine of truth, see above, n. 355); that an "ox" signifies the natural good, see Arcana Coelestia 2180, 2566.)

[30] Uzzah the son of Abinadab died because he seized upon the ark with his hand, because "to touch with the hand" signifies communication, and communication with the Lord is effected through the good of love, and yet Uzzah was not anointed, as the priests and Levites were, to whom the representation of the good of love was given by anointing (that this was given by anointing, see n. 375. Moreover, the cherubim that were over the mercy-seat which was upon the ark, signified the guard that the Lord be not approached except through the good of love. That this was also done that David might not bring the ark into Zion before the progression which was being represented was finished (of which above) can be seen from this, that David grieved at the death of Uzzah, and feared to bring the ark into his city, which was Zion (verses 8-10).

[31] Obed-edom was blessed, and his house, on account of the ark, because a blessing from the good things of the world signifies blessing from the good things of heaven, which proceed solely from the Lord by the reception of the Divine truth represented by the ark, and these good things those have who are in spiritual good, which Obed-edom in Gath represented, as has been said above.

[32] Finally, bringing the ark into Zion and into the tent that David had stretched out for it, signified the ascent into the third heaven, and the conjunction of the Divine truth with the good of love, for "Zion" represented the inmost of the church, and thence the inmost of the heavens, which is the highest or third heaven, in which the angels are in the good of love to the Lord, and where there is a guard that the Lord be not approached except through the good of love, which guard was represented by the cherubim over the ark.

[33] Bringing the ark into the inmost part of the temple built by Solomon has a like signification; this is thus described in the first book of Kings:

Solomon prepared an adytum in the midst of the house, to set there the ark of the covenant of Jehovah; and in the adytum he made two cherubim of wood of oil, and he set the cherubim in the midst of the inner house, so that their wings were spread forth to the wall on each side, and their wings touched one another in the midst of the house; and he overlaid the cherubim with gold. And Solomon brought up the ark of the covenant of Jehovah out of the city of David, which is Zion. And all the elders of Israel came, and the priests lifted up the ark, and brought up the ark of Jehovah, and the tent of meeting, and all the vessels of holiness that were in the tent; and Solomon and all the congregation with him before the ark. And the priests brought the ark of the covenant of Jehovah into its place, into the adytum of the house, into the holy of holies, even under the wings of the cherubim; for the cherubim spread forth their wings over the place of the ark, so that the cherubim covered the ark and the staves thereof from above, and the heads of the staves were seen from the holy place, toward the faces of the adytum, but they were not seen without. And Solomon said, There have I set a place for the ark, wherein is the covenant of Jehovah, which He made with our fathers when He brought them forth out of the land of Egypt (1 Kings 6:19, 23, 27, 28; 8:1-8, 21).

As the ark in the tent of meeting represented the third heaven where the Lord is, and the tent itself without the veil the second heaven, and the court the first heaven, so was it with the temple; for the temple with its courts represented the three heavens, therefore there was nothing in the temple or outside of the temple within the courts, that did not represent something of heaven, and this for the reason that the Lord at that time was present in representatives; for the churches before the Lord's coming were representative churches, and finally such as the church was that was instituted with the sons of Israel. But when the Lord came into the world, the externals that represented were abolished, for it was the Lord Himself that the representatives of the church shadowed forth and signified; and as these were external things, and as it were veilings, within which was the Lord, so when He came these veilings were taken away, and He was manifested, with heaven and the church, in which the Lord is the all in all. The primary representatives of the Lord, and thence of heaven and the church, were the tent of meeting with the table, the lamp stand, the altar of incense, and the ark there, also the altar with the burnt offerings and sacrifices, and afterwards the temple; the temple having a similar representation as the tent of meeting, with the difference that the tent of meeting was a more holy representative of the Lord, of heaven, and of the church, than the temple.

[34] From this it can be seen that the adytum in the temple, where, like as in the tent of meeting, the ark was, represented the Lord in relation to the Divine truth, and thence the third heaven, where angels are conjoined to the Lord by love to Him, and consequently have Divine truth inscribed on their hearts. But what was signified by "the cherubim" in the temple, and their "wings," and the "staves" which are also mentioned, shall be told in a few words. "The cherubim" signified a guard that the Lord be not approached except through the good of love, consequently they were made of the "wood of oil," which wood signified the good of love (See above, n. 375; "the wings of the cherubim" signify the spiritual Divine, which descends from the celestial Divine, in which is the third heaven, into the second heaven, and is there received; this is why the wings "touched one another in the midst of the house," and were thence "stretched forth to the wall on each side." But the "staves" by which the ark was carried, signified Divine power, the same as "arms." From this and what precedes the signification of "the ark of the Covenant" in the Word can be seen.

[35] By the "ark," moreover, the same as by "the continual sacrifice" in Daniel, which was to cease at the Lord's coming into the world, a representative of the church in general is meant, in Jeremiah:

I will give you shepherds according to My heart, that they may feed you with knowledge and intelligence; and it shall come to pass when ye shall be multiplied and bear fruit in the land, in those days they shall say no more, The ark of the covenant of Jehovah, neither shall it come up upon the heart, neither shall they make mention of it, neither shall they miss it, neither shall it be renewed anymore (Jeremiah 3:15, 16).

This is said of the Lord's coming, and of the abolition of the representative rites of the Jewish Church at that time. That the interior things of the church that had been veiled over by external representative rites would then be manifested and there would then be interior or spiritual men, is signified by "shepherds would be given according to the heart of the Lord, and they shall feed them with knowledge and intelligence," "shepherds" meaning those who teach good and lead to it by means of truths; the multiplication of truth and fructification of good are signified by "Then it shall come to pass when ye shall be multiplied and bear fruit in the land in those days;" that there will then be conjunction with the Lord through the interiors of the Word and not through its exteriors, which merely represented and signified things interior, is signified by, "they shall say no more, The ark of the Covenant of Jehovah;" "the ark of the Covenant of Jehovah" here signifying the externals of worship that were then to be abolished, the same as "the continual sacrifice" that was to cease (See Daniel 8:13; 11:31; 12:11). That worship was to be no longer external but internal is signified by, "it shall not come up upon the heart, neither shall they make mention of it, neither shall they miss it, neither shall it be renewed anymore." From this, too, it can be seen that "the ark of the Covenant" seen by John in the temple of God, which is the vision here treated of, was an appearing of the Divine truth, by which there is a conjunction of the new heaven and the New Church with the Lord, and that this was so seen that the Word in the letter might be similar throughout, consisting of things that were externals of worship and represented internals; the like as above (Daniel 8:3, 4), where "the altar" and "incense offerings" were seen "before the throne;" for the Word in the letter consists of pure correspondences, such as existed in the representative churches, and were taken therefrom for use in the Word, and in these the interior things of heaven and the church, which are spiritual and celestial, are contained.

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